[identity profile] bkworm9.livejournal.com
Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela is a leading and notable figure in the fight against racial inequality and social injustice, but beyond a few vague facts, I found that I didn't know much about his life. That's why I decided to read this book.

In terms of educational value, Mandela's autobiography is gold, far outweighing the physical heftiness of the book (my copy clocks in at 638 pages). Beginning with his birth and childhood in the Transkei, moving through his schooldays and young adulthood, his introduction to and escalating involvement in the African National Congress (ANC), his work underground, the long years of imprisonment on Robben Island, his long-awaited release, and negotiations with the government, Mandela's autobiography is incredibly detailed. Yet, it was also readable and easily understandable. What I found most surprising was Mandela's stance on violence as an option in effecting democratic change to a nonracial society, as I had previously thought Mandela followed in the footsteps of Ghandi in advocating nonviolence as the only means of protest.

This is an important book and as a reviewer from the Boston Sunday Globe stated, it "should be read by every person alive." Mandela's life story, especially his descriptions of the political maneuvering of the ANC and other groups, would be particularly helpful for readers who are engaging in other movements for social justice.

My only complaint with the book is that I would have liked to read more of Mandela's contemporaneous writings and opinions during the times in which he was experiencing momentous events. While there are a few excerpts of his writings and speeches, it's not enough to really understand what he was personally thinking or considering at any given time. However, I hope this flaw will soon be remedied with the release in October of Conversations with Myself, which one publisher has described as "a look behind Long Walk to Freedom. This book, however, has provided an excellent foundation with which to move forward in understanding Mandela's lifelong struggle.
[identity profile] sweet-adelheid.livejournal.com
#28 - Desmond Tutu, No Future without Forgiveness (1999, Rider & Co)
Appointed by Nelson Mandela to be co-Chairperson of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission set up in South Africa following the transfer of power from the Nationalist Apartheid Government, Desmond Tutu writes in this book about the history leading to the Commission, the progress of the Commission itself, and his thoughts on forgiveness. Link here.

#29 - illustrated by David Diaz, Smoky Night, words by Eve Bunting (1994, Harcourt Brace)
The illustrations are stunning. The backgrounds are mixed media collage: including shards of glass one the page that mentions "smash and destroy", half-crushed rice cracker snacks on the page about the destruction of Mrs Kim's shop. Link here.

#30 - illustrated by David Diaz, Just One Flick of a Finger, words by Marybeth Lorbiecki (1996, Dial)
A beautiful example of the way picture books are meant to work (no matter what age group they are aimed at) and I credit a lot of that to Diaz' design and layout work in addition to his illustrations. Link here.

#31 - Adeline Yen Mah, China: Land of Emperors and Dragons (2008, Allen & Unwin)
It is a *very* basic introduction to Chinese history; very much an overview. It (allied with some Avatar-related posts I've been reading around LJ, and IBARW stuff) has made me realise how much I don't understand about China, and how I do tend to view the entire Imperial era as some sort of pretty fantasy "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon" world. Which is a major failing on my part. Link here.

Tags needed: a: tutu desmond, a: mah adeline yen, i: diaz david, (and if we're still going to do whitefella tags, w-a: lorbiecki marybeth, w-a: bunting eve.
[identity profile] waelisc.livejournal.com
Rehabilitating African Languages: Language Use, Language Policy and Literacy in Africa, Selected Case Studies, edited by Kwesi Kwah Prah (Capetown, South Africa : The Center for Advanced Studies of African Society, 2002).

A few weeks ago I posted about the book Afrikan Alphabets. I wanted to read more about African language issues and I'm fortunate to work in a university library with a strong collection in African studies.

Unsurprisingly, a huge proportion of the published works on African languages are by North American / European academics, but I found this one, in which all but two chapters are by black African academics. The editor addresses that in the introduction, in fact, noting that for one language group, Khoisan, there are no native speakers with linguistics training at present (or there weren't in 2002.)

I'm actually not a linguist, so I more or less floated through some of the technical issues discussed here. But the rest was very thought-provoking. Virtually everywhere in Africa, the colonial languages (mostly English and French) are used in higher education and government. (I did know that.) That means a student must learn a new language to go beyond secondary school, or in most cases, beyond primary school, because the the colonial languages are widely (not universally) used at the secondary level.

And in fact, what I did not realise at all is that students at the elementary level often don't get schooling in their own language. In Tanzania, the official languages are English and Kiswahili, but only 5% of families speak Kiswahili at home. The other 95% speak other African languages; those children have to learn Kiswahili just for elementary school. Similarly, there are more than 200 languages & dialects spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

So there are several very challenging issues involved in reclaiming, or as the title puts it, rehabilitating African languages. One is that there's a lot of prestige associated with colonial languages because of their use in higher education and government; the people who've spent years learning those languages naturally don't want to give up that status. Another is that most African languages don't contain scientific and technical vocabulary; one of the chapters here was on the various ways of doing that (compounding, loan words, "calquing" - lots o' technical linguistic stuff here.)

And a third issue is the incredible number of languages & dialects involved. Printing 200 versions of every textbook? What a logistical nightmare. So the linguists see their main job as "standardisation and harmonisation" of dialects within a given language, and within language families. This involves things like choosing a single writing system (whether it's the Roman alphabet or one developed specifically for African languages) and standardizing the spelling of words that actually are pronounced similarly in different dialects. (I think the parallel to this might be if English words in the U.S. were spelled differently depending on whether they were being used by someone with a Southern accent, someone from the Midwest, someone from Boston...)

The research center that published this book has a whole series, some of which appear highly technical (Ibibio Phonetics and Phonology) and others more on cultural issues (Knowledge in Black and White: The Impact of Apartheid on the Production and Reproduction of Knowledge.) I'm interested to keep reading on this topic.

(Cross-posted to my journal.)

[identity profile] waelisc.livejournal.com
I bought this about seven years ago, looking for something to supplement our denominational prayer book for a youth group gathering at my church. At the time I scanned through it in a hurry and never went back to it, but this challenge motivated me to go back and read it properly.

Desmond Tutu was the (Anglican) bishop of Lesotho, South Africa when he won the Nobel Peace Prize (1984) for his leadership in the anti-apartheid movement. Soon after, he was elected Archbishop of Capetown, which put him at the head of the Anglican Church in South Africa (their first black archbishop ever). He's still alive, though retired from being Archbishop now.

The prayers here are collected from many different sources. He says in the intro the intent was to represent "African Christian and non-Christian spirituality." The majority of the prayers seem to be from African traditional religions and from African Christian traditions. Many of the attributions are just to a location, or an ethnic group, so I wasn't always sure. There are also some prayers written by whites who either grew up in Africa or made their lives there. There are several hymns and quotes from African Americans. There are several from the Caribbean Council of Churches. There are a dozen or more from early Christian theologians who lived in Egypt or North Africa in the days of the Roman Empire: Augustine, Origen, Athanasius.

I was rather sorry to see so much room given to Augustine even though, yes, he lived in Africa, because his writing is available in so many other editions. I was also dismayed that there was nothing (identifiable to me) to represent Islam, which does have a long tradition in many parts of Africa.

Nevertheless there were many beautiful prayers. Here are a few of the ones that I read and re-read the most. ) As I recall I used several prayers from this collection with my kids at church, but the one they responded to most was a long meditation called Lord, The Motor Under Me Is Running Hot - because it had a narrative, I expect. It's told by a bus driver, reflecting on the challenges of his day and praying for the safety of his passengers and himself on the road.

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